安装

python -m pip install pymongo

连接

from pymongo import MongoClient

# 示例1
# uri = "mongodb://<db_username>:<db_password>@<hostname:<port>"
uri = "mongodb://root:123456@localhost:27017"
client = MongoClient(uri)

# 示例2：启用 TLS
client = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://<db_username>:<db_password>@<hostname:<port>", tls=True)

# 示例3:允许不安全的 TLS
client = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://<db_username>:<db_password>@<hostname:<port>",
                             tls=True,
                             tlsInsecure=True)

• MongoClient 对象代表一个数据库连接池，因此大多数应用程序只需要一个 MongoClient 实例

示例：

import os  
  
from pymongo import MongoClient  
  
try:  
    MONGODB_USERNAME = os.environ.get("MONGODB_USERNAME", "root")  
    MONGODB_PASSWORD = os.environ.get("MONGODB_PASSWORD", "123456")  
    MONGODB_HOST = os.environ.get("MONGODB_HOST", "localhost")  
    MONGODB_PORT = os.environ.get("MONGODB_PORT", "27017")  
    client = MongoClient(f"mongodb://{MONGODB_USERNAME}:{MONGODB_PASSWORD}@{MONGODB_HOST}:{MONGODB_PORT}/" )  
  
    client.admin.command("ping")  
    print("Connected successfully")  
  
    # other application code  
  
    client.close()  
  
except Exception as e:  
    raise Exception(  
        "The following error occurred: ", e)

数据库操作

选择（创建）

# 指定数据库（无需提前建库，在首次插入数据时隐式创建）
database = client["test_database"]

集合操作

列表

collection_list = database.list_collections()
for c in collection_list:
    print(c)

选择（创建）

# 指定集合，如不存在，会自动创建
database.get_collection("example_collection")

# 创建集合，【不建议使用】，重复创建会抛CollectionInvalid异常
database.create_collection("example_collection")

删除

collection = database["test_collection"];
collection.drop();

文档操作

插入 - 一个

result = collection.insert_one({ "<field name>" : "<value>" })

print(result.acknowledged)

插入 - 批量

document_list = [
   { "<field name>" : "<value>" },
   { "<field name>" : "<value>" }
]

result = collection.insert_many(document_list)

print(result.acknowledged)

更新 - 一个

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }
update_operation = { "$set" : 
    { "<field name>" : "<value>" }
}
result = collection.update_one(query_filter, update_operation)

print(result.modified_count)

更新 - 批量

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }
update_operation = { "$set" : 
    { "<field name>" : "<value>" }
}
result = collection.update_many(query_filter, update_operation)

print(result.modified_count)

覆盖 - 一个

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }
replace_document = { "<new document field name>" : "<new document value>" }

result = collection.replace_one(query_filter, replace_document)

print(result.modified_count)

删除 - 一个

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }

result = collection.delete_one(query_filter)

print(result.deleted_count)

删除 - 批量

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }

result = collection.delete_many(query_filter)

print(result.deleted_count)

参考

• MongoDB PyMongo 文档 — PyMongo v 4.10 (opens new window)